Thickness-mode modelling of active multi-layered piezoelectric transducers and the application to “SMART” sensor design

An advanced uni-dimensional thickness-mode transducer model has been developed, capable of simulating device configurations required to theoretically evaluate the performance of “smart” transducer systems. “Smart” transducers aim to incorporate self-sensing and self-adaption of the output response, in order to attain some predefined output characteristic. This paper presents the theoretical development of the transducer model, including verification of selected modelled responses through experimentation. Results from subsequent simulation work are discussed with a view towards highlighting the potential of self monitoring/self actuating ultrasonic devices