Development of a sleep apnea event detection method using photoplethysmography

We studied the possibility of detection of sleep apnea or hypopnea events from photoplethysmography (PPG) wave variation patterns during sleep. In three patients with suspected sleep apnea syndrome, polysomnography (PSG) and the PPG wave were measured simultaneously during sleep. The characteristics of the PPG wave variation patterns in apnea or hypopnea events detected by PSG were investigated. It was found that pulse rate increases and pulse wave amplitude decreases during apnea or hypopnea events, and the respiratory component of heart rate variability has a tendency to decrease before the apnea or hypopnea events. Also, compared to hypopnea, the ratio of the pulse rate is higher, the reduction of the pulse amplitude is more significant, and the decrease of the degree of respiratory variation component in the apnea event is greater. We devised the apnea/hypopnea detection algorithm using these characteristics and evaluated its effectiveness.