The IVHS mobile channel: Precise characterization of highway fading via ray-tracing

The mobile channel in all intelligent vehicle and highway systems (IVHS) scenarios of interest, namely surface streets and highways, is thoroughly characterized as a multipath fading channel via ray tracing. Due to immediate practical interest, emphasis is put on the analysis of highway IVHS. Multiple access techniques allow for coverage of a section of highway (cell) with a single base station (BS) antenna instead of one antenna per lane. A multiray model is developed which takes into account not only the infrastructure geometry, but also the BS antenna placement, and any beam shaping involved, either passive (metallic reflectors) or active (antenna array). The results seem to indicate that there is some flexibility in obtaining signal confinement to within a cell by playing around with cheap, simple antenna configurations, irrespective of the placement of the BS antenna