Automation stage and level in future air traffic management

In this paper, different types and level of automation in air traffic management are discussed. Guidelines for automation type and level are also included. Automation refers to the full or partial replacement of a function previously carried out by a human operator. It provides precise description of an aircraft path in space and time. When automation functions normally, there is an increase in efficiency, accuracy and safety. As the level of automation in ATM will be increasing in the future, similar problems may rise if lessons are not learned.