Sizing and energy management of a stand-alone PV/hydrogen/battery-based hybrid system

This paper presents a sizing method and supervisory control for the suitable energy management of a stand-alone hybrid system with photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, hydrogen subsystem and battery. The battery and hydrogen subsystem, composed of fuel cell (FC), electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank, act as energy storage and support system. A sizing method based on Simulink Design Optimization (SDO) of MATLAB is used to perform a technical optimization of the components of the hybrid system. The dynamic model of the designed hybrid system is detailed in this paper. The models, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment, are designed from commercially available components. It is designed, primarily, to satisfy the load power demand and, secondly, to maintain certain level at the hydrogen tank (hydrogen energy reserve), and at the state of charge (SOC) of the battery bank to extend its life.