Floating gate charge-sharing: a novel circuit for analog trimming

A floating gate charge-sharing circuit that can be electrically programmed for precise positive and negative voltage changes, and can be implemented in a standard CMOS VLSI process is presented. With the advantage of its long-term charge-retention, the floating gate charge-sharing circuit is suitable for providing a compact, non-volatile and high-precision analog trimming method to trim the offset voltage resulting from unavoidable mismatches in analog circuits such as op-amps and comparators