Study on retrieving ocean surface wind based on sea statistical parameters using reflected GNSS signals measured from aircraft

The GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry) technique has been envisaged as a promising low-cost complementary passive remote sensing tool to conventional active instruments for ocean, land and ice monitoring over the last decade. For the ocean surface wind retrieval of GNSS-R, the approach of fitting real measurements to a forward scattering model tuned with wind speed is used usually. To avoid the low accuracy and difficult acquirement of wind direction using this approach, the relationship between sea surface statistical parameters and wind speed, wind direction were researched. Moreover, the real sea surface statistical parameters were obtained through nonlinear optimization combining the aircraft data, accordingly the sea surface wind was retrieved. The results show good agreement with retrieved wind and other acquirable ways.