Opportunities and Challenges of Hydropower as Sustainable Energy in China

China´s gross amount of hydraulic resource ranks first in the world; however, at present, China´s economic development faces energy bottleneck. Huge market demands, as well as the strategy of western development, provide hydropower with an opportunity and a broad development prospect. At the same time, some negative influence on environment and ecology also give hydropower development with unprecedented challenges. However, development of hydropower is necessary because of the energy shortage and environmental pollution in China in order to attain sustainable development of China´s economy. Finally, we present the typical example of Three Gorges project as hydropower development.