Ports and Artificial Islands: Development of a New Relationship

North American ports are now and will continue to face social, political, economic and environmental challenges in planning the location of new or expanded terminal facilities. Some ports have suitable land areas where these plans could still be implemented. Others do not. Those which do not might have One alternative available: the development of large scale artificial islands. Until recently, the concept of large-scale, multi-purpose artificial islands was relatively unknown in North America. Today, however, Japanese experiences with such islands clearly demonstrate that among other factors, current environmental needs could be used to create new short and long-term port and regional opportunities. This paper does not presuppose that artificial islands for port activities is the panacea for all ports faced with potential land shortages. It does suggest, however, that the concept has merit and that it deserves a fair examination in light of other alternatives. At the same time, the concept of developing artificial islands within the port area - including power generation, oil refining and the development of residential and recreational activities - might also offer renewed opportunities for the ocean technology industry.