Vector generalized finite element method on tetrahedral meshes and applications of its features in electromagnetic simulations

The vector generalized finite element method (VGFEM) offers several appealing features for solving electromagnetic (EM) problems. These include flexibility on the choice of basis functions, use of different types of basis functions or mixed polynomial orders within a simulation, and inclusion of physics in solution space. These features can be exploited to yield more accurate and convergent solutions to EM problems. In this paper, we would like to demonstrate use of mixed polynomial orders and use of mixed basis functions in the same simulation domain. The VGFEM framework defined on tetrahedral meshes is used in this demonstration for the analysis of both open and closed domain electromagnetic problems.