Use of a gelatin cryogel as biomaterial scaffold in the differentiation process of human bone marrow stromal cells

Biomaterials have been widely used in reconstructive bone surgery to heal critical-size long bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, and tissue degeneration. In particular, gelatin cryogel scaffolds are promising new biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility; in addition, the in vitro modification of biomaterials with osteogenic signals enhances the tissue regeneration in vivo, suggesting that the biomaterial modification could play an important role in tissue engineering. In this study we have followed a biomimetic strategy where differentiated human bone marrow stromal cells built their extracellular matrix onto gelatin cryogel scaffolds. In comparison with control conditions without differentiation medium, the use of a differentiation medium increased, in vitro, the coating of gelatin cryogel with bone proteins (decorin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, type-I collagen, and type-III collagen). The differentiation medium aimed at obtaining a better in vitro modification of gelatin cryogel in terms of cell colonization and coating with osteogenic signals, like bone matrix proteins. The modified biomaterial could be used, in clinical applications, as an implant for bone repair.