Influence of hafnium in the formation of erbium and hafnium doped bulk periodic poled lithium niobate crystals by the off-centred Czochralski technique

Summary form only. We present results on the growth of periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/:Hf,Er crystals using the off-centre Czochralski technique. The impurity concentrations added to the melt are 0.5 mol% of Hf and O 5 moi% Er. The pulling and rotation rates were 1.9 mm/h and 10.9 rpm respectively, to give a domain period of 3.6 microns. The PPLN:Er:Hf samples obtained have been analysed by electron probe microanalysis (EPM) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).