A deterministic approach to adaptive beamforming with imperfect arrays

A soft-constrained deterministic least-squares (LS) method is presented which alleviates the signal nulling problem encountered in an adaptive beamformer with imperfect arrays. The approach uses an algorithm which is capable of solving deterministic LS minimization problems subject to multiple constraints in a recursive, adaptive manner by imposing soft constraints via the quadratic penalty function optimization method. The algorithm is implemented with a single triangular systolic array which provides a faster response by direct computation of the beamformer output with total independence of signal statistics. Computer simulations are used to assess the effectiveness of the method when used in a generalized sidelobe canceler with imperfect arrays