Static properties of commercial embedded real-time programs, and their implication for worst-case execution time analysis

We have used a modified C compiler to analyze a large number of commercial real time and embedded applications written in C for 8- and 18-bit processors. Only static aspects of the programs have been studied i.e., such information that can be obtained from the source code without running the programs. The purpose of the study is to provide guidance for the development of worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis tools, and to increase the knowledge about embedded programs in general. Knowing how real programs are written makes it easier to focus research in relevant areas and set priorities. The conclusion is that real time and embedded programs are not necessarily simple just because they are written for small machines. This indicates that real life WCET analysis tools need to handle advanced programming constructions, including function pointer calls and recursion