Colour bake inspection system using hybrid artificial neural networks

The bake level of biscuits is of significant value to biscuit manufacturers as it determines the taste, texture and appearance of the products. Previous research explored and revealed the feasibility of biscuit bake inspection using feedforward neural networks (FFNN) with a backpropagation learning algorithm and monochrome images. A second study revealed the existence of a curve in colour space, called a baking curve, along which the bake colour changes during the baking process. Combining these results, the authors proposed an automated bake inspection system with artificial neural networks that utilises colour instead of monochrome images. In this paper, the authors present the implementation of the inspection system with a hybrid neural network of self-organising maps and FFNNs. The system was tested and its grading performance on biscuit bake levels was evaluated and compared to that of a trained human inspector. The authors found that the proposed colour system with a hybrid neural network performed significantly better than the human inspector