On the calibration of AD and DA converters based on R/Ã\x9fR ladder networks

In this paper we discuss the possibility of realizing high accuracy low cost AD and DA converters based on the properties of R/betaR (beta>2) ladder networks. A simple calibration algorithm is described that allows to reach high accuracy even in the case of large tolerances in the values of the resistors making up the ladder network. While the discussion is focused on resistive ladder networks, it is believed that our results can be extended to he case of MOS based ladder structures for the realization of highly compact, low cost, high accuracy integrated converters.