Characterization parameters and modelling of high frequency nonlinear devices require new calibration techniques

The fast growing telecommunication market is suffering from the lack of good characterization and modelling tools for high frequency nonlinear devices and systems. This paper argues that accurate broadband measurements of incident and reflected waves or voltage and currents at the device ports are the essential foundation for any solution to high frequency nonlinear problems. To establish these measurement techniques in industry, there is a need for an additional calibration standard to make the measurements traceable.