Wave scattering and scene image of trees generated by Lindenmayer systems

When the distances between branches and leaves are not far away on a wavelength scale, branches and leaves scatter collectively. Collective scattering effects depend on the relative locations of branches and leaves in a tree. The authors used stochastic Lindenmayer systems to generate trees. The tree generated by Lindenmayer systems has the realistic appearance so that the relative locations of branches and leaves are reasonably represented. The wave scattering by branches and leaves is calculated by using coherent addition approximation (CAA). The scattering of rough surface and that of grass are included. The scene images of the Lindenmayer tree are provided for vv, hh, hv polarizations at L-band