Landsat Thematic Mapper band-to-band registration

This paper on band-to-band (B-B) registration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery has three objectives. Firstly, it documents a one dimensional (1D) Z-score analytical fast Fourier transform (FFT) procedure for measuring along-scan misregistration in raw uncalibrated and unresampled TM imagery to a precision better than ±0.002 pixels. Secondly, it demonstrates that, with the TDRSS antenna quiet, the largest within-scene coherent changes in BB sample misregistration (SM) occur at the same 2 Hz frequency as the most significant changes in measured on-orbit scan mirror errors in the instrument for Landsat-4 (L4), and at an additional common 1.2 Hz peak for Landsat-5 (L5). Thirdly, it demonstrates that the cluster of frequency peaks in the FFTs of spacecraft x-axis gyro and angular displacement sensor (ADS) telemetry below 3 Hz are not seen in FFTs of normalized plots of SM versus forward scan number. The 1984 142.7 msec scan time on L5 was observed to increase by 1.5 msec in 8 years