Progress in triple-junction amorphous silicon-based alloy solar cells and modules using hydrogen dilution

We have achieved a stable module efficiency of 10.2% using amorphous silicon-based alloy in a triple-junction structure. This record performance has been accomplished by improving the component cells, the “tunnel” junction between the component cells, the back reflector, the uniformity over one-square-foot area, and the module design. Further advances have been made in the initial performance of the component cells by using high hydrogen dilution. The top cell, having Jsc>8 mA/cm², exhibits Voc=1.014 V and FF=0.78. The middle cell, showing Voc=0.757 V and FF=0.719, exhibits Jsc=9.5 mA/cm² under AM 1.5 illumination with a 530 nm cut-on filter. A record initial power output of 4.43 mW/cm² for the bottom cell has been obtained under AM 1.5 with a 630 nm cut-on filter. Light soaking experiments for the improved component cells also show higher stabilized values than previously reported ones