• DocumentCode
    2998115
  • Title

    Notice of Retraction
    Ponderation on development of independent college

  • Author

    Zhihua Zhao ; Chaoying Liu

  • Author_Institution
    Polytech. Coll., Hebei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shijiazhuang, China
  • Volume
    2
  • fYear
    2010
  • fDate
    10-11 May 2010
  • Firstpage
    105
  • Lastpage
    108
  • Abstract
    Notice of Retraction

    After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

    We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

    The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

    As an important part of realizing higher education popularization, all sectors of society attach great importance to the development of independent colleges. From its creation and development, this paper gives depth analysis on the dominant, gray and implicit characteristics of the independent College, indicates the development trends of independent colleges and presents its developing measures in the future.
  • Keywords
    educational institutions; further education; higher education; independent college analysis; independent college characteristics; independent college development; Chaos; Education; Educational institutions; Educational technology; Financial management; Innovation management; Law; Photonics; Power engineering and energy; Technological innovation; Independent College; characteristic; developing; measures;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • Conference_Titel
    Optics Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE), 2010 International Conference on
  • Conference_Location
    Wuhan
  • Print_ISBN
    978-1-4244-5234-7
  • Type

    conf

  • DOI
    10.1109/OPEE.2010.5508085
  • Filename
    5508085