Design and thermal-hydraulic analysis of tokamak divertor armor tiles

A prototype divertor armor tile design has been investigated using water-cooled ATJ graphite tiles fitted to a copper heat sink. Two-dimensional steady-state and 1-D time dependent heat transfer codes were developed to determine thermal design characteristics. A steady-state heat flux of 5 MW/m² and a transient disruption load of 140 MJ/m² over 100 μs were assumed for an ITER-type device operating in a radiative divertor configuration. For a tile fitted to the heat sink by a bonded-pin mechanism, the optimal armor thickness was determined to be 1.0 cm, with a 2.2 cm diameter coolant channel. The maximum steady state and disruption temperatures of the tile were determined to be 1760 K and 4800 K, respectively. LOCA analysis yielded that a 7 second response time would be needed after loss-of-coolant in the armor tile. The design is predicted to survive approximately 6 disruptions before tile replacement would be necessary