Diamond Dipole antenna optimization using a genetic Algorithm/Finite Difference Time Domain hybrid technique

An optimized diamond dipole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation is presented in this paper. The optimization method uses a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The method obtains a structure with increased bandwidth performance in the UWB.The radiating elements of the antenna are made out of very thin perfectly electric conducting (PEC) material and they are etched onto a substrate material with a dielectric constant (epsiv_r = 4.3), the thickness t of the substrate is 1.59 mm. The electromagnetic analysis is done using the XFDTDTM software, which is a commercial FDTD program by Remcom, Inc. The antenna geometry is modeled with a spatial grid of (1 times 1 times 0.4 mm³). The antenna is excited with a gap voltage source (1.0-V Gaussian derivative pulse) with a 50-Omega source resistance. FDTD grid is terminated using Liao´s absorbing boundary condition. Figure 1 below shows the geometry of the diamond dipole antenna. Dimensions (mm): d = 24, h = 8, r = 12, s = 1,t = 1.59, L = 41.