Propagation modeling of an open-trench drain

In this work, ray tracing (image method) simulation results were reported inside an ideal open-trench environment at 2.4 GHz. Understanding the propagation environments in this drain under various conditions such as dry or with water flow is a practical approach that can contribute to accurate propagation prediction, which is helpful for the design of wireless communication systems in environments where such open-trench drains exist. When water is present inside the open-trench drain, the ground-reflected ray from the water surface is relatively stronger compared to when the drain is dry.