The Impact of Small Scale Wind Generators on LV Distribution System Voltage

This paper describes research carried out at Durham University to investigate the effects of high penetrations of Small Scale Wind Turbines (SSWTs) on LV distribution networks. This work aims to develop techniques to overcome network constraints and increase the value of Small Scale Embedded Generators (SSEGs). The paper concentrates on the effects of high levels of SSWTs on the voltage quality of LV distribution systems. The investigation is carried out using a dynamic electrical model of LV distribution network and an urban wind turbine model developed using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Initial steady state simulation results show that at around 40% penetration of urban wind turbines it is possible that the statutory voltage limits will be exceeded. However when a dynamic simulation is considered it can be seen that slight variations in wind regimes mean this limit would only be met at higher penetrations.