Optimal placement of phasor measurement units with GPS receiver

This paper presents a study on optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMU) with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for more accurate monitoring of a power system. The optimal PMU placement (OPP) problem is, in general, expressed as a combinatorial optimization problem subjected to the observability constraints of the studied power system, which consumes much time to solve. Three approaches, in this paper, are proposed aiming at reducing computational burden in OPP problems. First, a modified simulated annealing (MSA) method, is proposed. The conventional simulated annealing method is slightly modified in setting the initial temperature and in cooling procedure to consider the current state of solution sets. Second, a direct combination (DC) method is suggested using a simple but very effective heuristic rule. When selecting test and neighboring solution sets, this heuristic rule is used to select most effective sets in the observability sense. And the last one is tabu search (TS) method, in which the heuristic rule used in DC method is also used to reduce the searching spaces effectively. Suggested optimization methods are applied, in this paper, to solve OPP problems in IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems. The simulation results show that the proposed methods can find the optimal solutions in an efficient manner