Optimal power flow with security constraints and transmission costs solved by a PSO

This paper presents a novel approach to solve an optimal power flow problem with embedded security constraints (OPF-SC), represented by a mixture of continuous and discrete control variables, where the major aim is to minimize the total operating cost, taking into account both operating security constraints, and system capacity requirements. The cost operation include: generation costs, transmission costs, and consumer benefit. A modification of the conventional particle swarm optimizer (PSO) has been used as the optimization tool, which use reconstruction operators and dynamic penalization to handle the constraints. Results on systems from the specialized literature are adopted to validate the proposed approach.