Systems engineering management in the 21st century

It is contended that traditional systems engineering tools and system engineering management techniques are not powerful enough for effective development of current highly complex systems, and thus will not be suited to future systems. if systems engineering is to develop the tools and techniques that enable the systems of the future to be designed effectively, efficiently, and economically, practitioners of systems engineering must examine what the future might be like. Toward this end, current general management theory, theories of systems engineering management (SEM), changes occurring in society and changes occurring in technology are examined, and a forecast is made as to what systems engineering management will be like in the 21st century