Duplication Based One-to-Many Coding for Trojan HW Detection

A functional unit having multiple errors on its output may be considered as a computational channel, in which there is no restriction on the direction and the number of bit-flips. This model characterizes the distortion of the output caused by an active Trojan hardware. In this paper, we present a Concurrent Error Detection (CED) scheme that detects an active Trojan with high probability within a given time. The suggested CED scheme consists of a duplication-based one-to-many code that protects the most probable, valuable, or vulnerable words that may appear on the output of the system.