Modeling of pore formation in solid

Quality and microstructure of materials are strongly affected by the shapes of pores in solids, which are encountered in almost all the packaging, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and manufacturing fields. This study theoretically analyzes the mechanisms of an entrapped micro-bubble as a pore in the solid. A phase diagram, as introduced previously to be satisfied by interfacial normal stress balance, can be used to control and delineate the growing path and final shape of a pore. The predicted pore shape agrees with experimental results.