Leakage aware energy minimization for real-time systems under the maximum temperature constraint

In this paper, we study the problem on how to reduce the overall energy consumption while at the same time ensuring the timing and maximum temperature constraints for a real-time system. We incorporate the interdependence of leakage, temperature and supply voltage into analysis and develop a novel method to quickly estimate the overall energy consumption. Based on this method, we then propose a scheduling technique to minimize the overall energy consumption under the maximum temperature constraint. Our experimental results show that the proposed energy estimation method can achieve up to four-order-of-magnitude speedup compared with existing approaches while keeping the maximum estimation error within 4.8%. In addition, simulation results also demonstrate that our proposed energy minimization method consistently outperforms previous related approaches significantly.