Multiple-valued caches for power-efficient embedded systems

In this paper, we propose three novel cache models using multiple-valued logic (MVL) paradigm to reduce the cache data storage area and cache energy consumption for embedded systems. Multiple-valued caches have significant potential for compact and power-efficient cache array design. The cache models differ from each other depending on whether they store tag and data in binary, radix-r or a mix of both. Our analytical study of cache silicon area shows that an embedded system-on-a-chip (SoC) equipped with a multiple-valued cache model can reduce the cache data storage area up to 6% regardless of cache parameters. Also, our experiments on several embedded benchmarks demonstrate that dynamic cache energy consumption can be reduced up to 62% in a multiple-valued instruction cache in an embedded SoC.