PI controller based closed loop drug delivery for the long term blood pressure regulation

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a key variable to decide the performance and operating point of cardiovascular system (CVS) and its maintenance is of vital importance for the human body. This paper focuses on an automatic system to provide closed loop control of MAP. A proportional plus integral controller is proposed for long term arterial blood pressure regulation. This controller is designed so that the actual MAP stays within a narrow range of pressure even under dynamic variations in aldosterone hormone levels. Based on the pressure level change under aldosterone loading, the PI controller administrates sodium infusion and the validity is tested for a seventh order blood pressure regulation model. Simulation results indicate that the controller is capable of avoiding the offset and oscillatory behavior during transients. The settling time is also within acceptable limits. The automated drug delivery is seen to be effective and superior to manual control of ABP regulation. The study presented here opens a potentially viable approach to the design of safer automatic closed loop drug administration technology for the long term blood pressure control.