Title :
CML ring oscillators: oscillation frequency
Author :
Alioto, M. ; di Catalno, G. ; Palumbo, G.
Author_Institution :
Catania Univ., Italy
Abstract :
In this paper an analytical model of the oscillation frequency of a differential CML ring oscillator is proposed. The model helps to choose the bias current value to optimize speed, and it is useful to estimate the oscillation frequency changes associated with the bias current change and to process tolerances. Moreover, it allows to relate the propagation delay of a gate evaluated in a ring oscillator to more general and realistic cases. The model is sufficiently simple to be used in pencil-and-paper calculations. Spice simulations run on both 6 GHz and a 20 GHz bipolar technologies show that the model results agree with the simulated data, which differ by less than 10% on average
Keywords :
SPICE; bipolar logic circuits; current-mode logic; oscillators; tolerance analysis; 20 GHz; 6 GHz; SPICE simulation; analytical model; bias current; bipolar technology; differential CML ring oscillator; gate propagation delay; oscillation frequency; process tolerance analysis; speed optimization; Analytical models; Circuit simulation; Circuit topology; Clocks; Delay effects; Frequency estimation; Microprocessors; Propagation delay; Radio frequency; Ring oscillators;
Conference_Titel :
Circuits and Systems, 2001. ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on
Conference_Location :
Sydney, NSW
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-6685-9
DOI :
10.1109/ISCAS.2001.922183
