DocumentCode :
30901
Title :
Flexible and Surface-Mountable Piezoelectric Sensor Arrays for Underwater Sensing in Marine Vehicles
Author :
Asadnia, Mohsen ; Kottapalli, Ajay Giri Prakash ; Zhiyuan Shen ; Miao, Jianmin ; Triantafyllou, Michael
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore
Volume :
13
Issue :
10
fYear :
2013
fDate :
Oct. 2013
Firstpage :
3918
Lastpage :
3925
Abstract :
In an effort to improve the situational awareness and obstacle avoidance of marine vehicles, we fabricate, package and characterize Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin-film piezoelectric pressure sensor arrays for passive fish-like underwater sensing. We use floating bottom electrode in designing the sensor which made the sensor able to detect very low frequency range (down to 0.1 Hz) in water. The proposed array of sensors is capable of locating underwater objects by transducing the pressure variations generated by the stimulus. The sensors are packaged into an array of 2 × 5 on a flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate patterned with gold interconnects. Experiments in this paper are divided into three main categories. First, in order to evaluate the effect of water on the sensor performance, resonant frequency, and quality factor changes in air and water are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Second, the ability of the array in locating a vibrating sphere (dipole) in water is illustrated through experiments. The sensors demonstrate a high resolution of 3 mms-1 in detecting in detecting oscillatory flow velocity in water. Third, “real-time” experiments are conducted in a swimming pool environment by surface mounting two arrays of sensors on the curved hull of a kayak vehicle. The arrays are self-powered and do not need any external power supply, to operate, which greatly benefits in eliminating the need of bulky power supplies on underwater vehicles.
Keywords :
collision avoidance; electrochemical electrodes; flow sensors; lead compounds; liquid crystal polymers; object detection; oceanographic equipment; oceanographic techniques; piezoelectric transducers; pressure sensors; pressure transducers; sensor arrays; surface mount technology; thin film sensors; underwater equipment; underwater vehicles; velocity measurement; vibration measurement; Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3; curved hull sensor; dipole location; flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate; flexible piezoelectric sensor array; floating bottom electrode; gold interconnection; kayak vehicle; marine vehicle; obstacle avoidance; oscillatory flow velocity detection; packaging; passive fish-like underwater sensor; patterning; power supply; pressure variation transducer; quality factor; resonant frequency; surface-mountable piezoelectric sensor array; swimming pool environment; thin-film piezoelectric pressure sensor array; underwater object location; vibrating sphere locating; Piezoelectric sensors; flexible arrays; flow sensing; liquid crystal polymer; underwater sensing;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Sensors Journal, IEEE
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
1530-437X
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/JSEN.2013.2259227
Filename :
6506926
Link To Document :
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