Error prediction in discrete integrators with deterministic or stochastic excitations

Two error models for the prediction of discrete integration error along with their associated mathematical formulations are presented. The models are categorized according to their specification of error. The developed procedures accommodate deterministic excitations with known frequency characteristics as well as stochastic excitations with rational power spectra. In addition, these models exhibit flexibility by permitting selection of integration technique, integration order, and interpolation/reconstruction scheme. The interest in these error models lies in their extensive usage in control, data processing, and telemetry, and an attempt is made to effect accurate and efficient operation through error prediction.