Dual frequency measurements of ocean forward scatter with an ultrawideband radar

This paper presents an experiment description, along with data examples, for ultrawideband radar measurements of low grazing angle forward scatter associated with a test target mounted above a wind-disturbed sea surface. The measurement radar used sub-nanosecond transmit pulses (0.15 ns and 0.25 ns 3 dB pulse widths) at center frequencies of 9 and 4 GHz to achieve resolutions finer than 3 cm in the range dimension. This resolution was sufficient to fully resolve direct and multipath (both single and double bounce) contributions to the signal reflecting from a tower-mounted retro reflector. The geometry produced a nominal 3 degree grazing angle for forward scatter. Dual frequency measurements for a wind-disturbed ocean surface highlight changes in the magnitude and the location of the scatter components with time