Implementing Smart Grid challenges of integrating distribution DG

This paper is an extension of the IEEE T&D 2010 Conference-presented paper “Implementing “SMART GRID” Integrated Distribution Volt/var/kW Management.” Although some of the same concerns are revisited in this paper, the focus of this paper is to investigate the integration of distributed generation (DG). DG includes synchronous generation (internal combustion, small hydro, gas turbines) and asynchronous generation (solar or photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells, etc). This paper will discuss the Smart Grid system equipment and operation for volt/var management, different possible system configurations and typical DG types and the system operational factors that could be used to mitigate intermittent loading effects. The possibility of DG control or application techniques as a function of DG location, related to circuit reactance to resistance ratio [X/R] and relative fault duty (system driving point impedance [Z%]), will be discussed.