Microwave mobile sensor networks within underground conduits filled of fluids

The article analyzes the implementation of mobile wireless sensor networks within conduits used for fluids and liquids transportation. These pipelines are typically deployed underground. Different solutions are shown, depending on the electromagnetic characteristics of the pipe, its location under the ground or in the sea, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the fluid. Thanks to the sensor mobility, the analysis can provide accurate results, as the whole length of the pipeline can be investigated. Once the networking scheme is introduced, a suitable microwave design methodology is proposed and validated. The concept is analyzed from theoretical and experimental points of view and preliminary application results are presented.