Duality results for the joint spectral radius and transient behavior

For linear inclusions in discrete or continuous time several quantities characterizing the growth behavior of the corresponding semigroup are analyzed. These quantities are the joint spectral radius, the initial growth rate and (for bounded semigroups) the transient bound. It is recalled how these constants relate to one another and how they are characterized by various norms. A complete duality theory is developed in this framework, relating semigroups and dual semigroups and extremal or transient norms with their respective dual norms.