Decentralized anchor-free localization for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks

This paper proposes algorithms for establishing connectivity and location estimation in wireless sensor networks. The algorithms exploit the information flow while coping with distributed signal processing and the requirements of network scalability. Once the estimation procedure and communication protocol are performed, sensor clusters can be merged to establish a single global coordinate system without GPS sensors using only distance information. In order to adjust the sensor positions, the refinement schemes are applied to reduce the estimation error such that the propagation error can be suppressed. This paper outlines the technical foundations of the localization techniques and presents the tradeoffs in algorithm design. The feasibility of the proposed schemes is shown to be effective under certain assumptions and the analysis is supported by simulation and numerical studies.