Title :
A 16×16-pixel pulse-frequency-modulation based image sensor for retinal prosthesis
Author :
Furumiya, Tetsuo ; Ng, David C. ; Yasuoka, Koutaro ; Shiraishi, Fuyuka ; Kagawa, Keiichiro ; Tokuda, Takashi ; Ohta, Jun ; Nunoshita, Masahiro
Author_Institution :
Graduate Sch. of Material Sci., Nara Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ikoma, Japan
Abstract :
We have designed and fabricated a 16×16-pixel retinal prosthesis device using a pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) photosensor. This chip is a prototype for demonstrating applications in in-vitro electrophysiological experiments. Each pixel has a bonding pad on which a stimulus electrode is formed by a Pt/Au stacked biocompatible bump electrode. We have evaluated the PFM retinal implant chip by in-vitro electrophysiological experiments using detached frog retina, and confirmed that it can electrically stimulate the retinal cells effectively.
Keywords :
CMOS image sensors; biomedical electrodes; eye; prosthetics; pulse frequency modulation; 16 pixel; 256 pixel; CMOS image sensor; PFM photosensor; Pt-Au; detached frog retina; in-vitro electrophysiological devices; pixel bonding pad; pulse-frequency-modulation based image sensor; retinal cell electrical stimulation; retinal implant chip; retinal prosthesis; stacked biocompatible bump electrode; stimulus electrode; subretinal implant; CMOS image sensors; Circuits; Electrodes; Image sensors; Implants; In vitro; Pixel; Prosthetics; Retina; Switches;
Conference_Titel :
Sensors, 2004. Proceedings of IEEE
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-8692-2
DOI :
10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426155
