Impact and analysis of different source- and load-characteristics on the feed-in capacity of decentralized generation units in the distribution grid

The effort to increase the production of renewable resources such as wind or solar power is strongly increasing especially in the distribution network. This paper deals with the question about the different characteristics (Z-, I-, S-const.) of residential loads and decentralized sources in the low voltage network. The performed simulations with a concentrated load/source at the end of the line and distributed loads/sources along the low voltage line show the effects of decentralized feed-in according to different characteristics (Z-, I-, S-const.). The use of a regulating transformer as well as reactive power management demonstrates the fundamental behavior of these measures to keep the voltage within the specified limits. Laboratory tests with a decentralized generation unit at different supply voltages illustrate the general behavior in the low voltage network. The results of the performed simulations are important for future grid planning or reconstruction measures to determine the hypothetical feed-in capacity of decentralized generation units in the low voltage network.