Title :
Update on possible electrode mechanisms in the sweeping of alpha quartz
Author :
Gualtieri, J.G. ; Calderon, L. ; Lareau, R.T.
Author_Institution :
US Army Electron. Technol. & Devices Lab., Fort Monmouth, NJ, USA
fDate :
31 May-2 Jun 1989
Abstract :
The use of thick nonporous Au/Cr electrodes which can lead to a change in the sweeping mechanism is discussed. With these electrodes, a color-center front advances from anode to cathode in quartz that is swept in air at temperatures below the α-β transition. Evidence is presented which indicates that: (1) color centers form beneath nonporous portions of the anode that correlate with the formation of interface Cr-oxides and silicides; (2) clear striae are created along the C-axis where color centers either do not form or are subsequently bleached along cylindrical volumes which correlate with openings in the anode; (3) the clear cylindrical volumes have diameters much larger than the metal openings; (4) a uniformly colored region can form in areas close to but not covered by the anode. Also, a clear band forms between the uniformly colored region and the striated region associated with the anode
Keywords :
colour centres; crystal resonators; quartz; Au-Cr electrodes; Au-Cr-SiO2; CrOx color centers formation; CrOx formation; CrSi2 formation; air sweeping; alpha quartz; clear striae; color-center front; electrode mechanisms; silicides formation nonporous electrodes; striated region; sweeping mechanism; sweeping of quartz; swept in air; Anodes; Cathodes; Chromium; Electrodes; Electrons; Gold; Hydrogen; Laboratories; Protons; Temperature;
Conference_Titel :
Frequency Control, 1989., Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Symposium on
Conference_Location :
Denver, CO
DOI :
10.1109/FREQ.1989.68910