Distributed generation issues, and standards

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Distributed Generation (DG) standards and interconnection issues at higher penetration levels. A clear concise definition of “Smart Grid” is presented to illustrate the importance of distributed generation along with the other important aspects of the Smart Grid vision. Specific standards are reviewed with particular focus on frequency and voltage. Major grid protection concerns due to interconnection of high penetration DG are investigated and explored and presented using a utility grade computer program to verify the validity of the concerns. Updates and changes to current standards are desirable to alleviate specific limitations. Viable solutions to overcome these limitations are proposed and further research needs are identified.