Notice of RetractionStudy on the relationships between economic development and virtual water of Zhengzhou city

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

As a scarce resource, water is essential to daily consumption, and the economic development is closely related with water consumption. This paper calculated virtual water consumption under different levels of economic development and that of urban and rural residents. Results suggest that, different levels of economic development lead to different virtual water consumption structures. At higher level of economic development, virtual water consumption is higher, especially the consumption of meat and the other products such as eggs, milks. This means that, socio-economic development is the main influencing factor of virtual water consumption, and in order to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, it is necessary to improve rural resident´s income, meanwhile it is important to correctly guide people´s consumption habits to improve water use efficiency.