Near-field source-Localization (over azimuth /elevation / distance) using a single spatially extended acoustic vector-sensor

This work offers a new synergy of the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) approach of source-localization and the acoustic vector-sensor (a.k.a., vector-hydrophone). The (spatially spread) acoustic vector-sensor consists of three identical and colocated velocity-sensors, plus one pressure-sensor at some (known) distance away from the velocity-sensor triad. The velocity-sensor triad itself can estimate an incident source´s azimuth-elevation angle, but not the source´s radial distance from the triad. The pressure-sensor´s measured power and the triad´s measured power together can estimate the incident source´s radial distance. This proposed scheme is closed-form and non-iterative, requiring no initial estimates. However, this scheme can allow only one incident source, which must emit with constant power.