Indoor-to-outdoor path-loss models for femtocell predictions

Two different indoor-to-outdoor path-loss models are proposed in this paper: an analytical formula derived for link-level and system-level simulations in heterogeneous radio networks, and a ray-tracing based model providing deterministic path-loss predictions, helpful for precise radio analysis or radio-planning tasks. The models were elaborated from CW measurements collected around a large set of indoor transmitter situations at frequency 2.1GHz. They were elaborated for simulation of useful and interfering signals in the context of femtocell deployments.