Extension of the compression approach to include the treatment of radiation pattern in the electromagnetic analysis of active planar antennas

Developments in planar technologies lead to complex and highly integrated structures in which the coupling becomes increasingly important. In microwave circuits which include active and nonlinear devices, the electromagnetic interaction between the devices and the passive structure significantly influences the circuit performance. This paper presents a compression approach which combines the MPIE solved by a 2.5D method of moment (MOM) for the simulation of the linear structure with the harmonic balance method for the nonlinear analysis. The compression approach is not only used to obtain the power available at each harmonic, but is extended to include the analysis for each harmonic in terms of the radiation pattern. Results for a microstrip antenna using a diode are presented. The diode voltage and current responses in the time domain are compared to those obtained with the commercial circuit analysis software MDS. Finally, the radiation patterns obtained by the extended compression approach are presented for each harmonic.