Genetic algorithm optimization of stacked vertical dipoles above a ground plane

The genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization technique based on natural selection and genetic evolution, has found numerous applications in electromagnetics, including the design of loaded wire antennas with enhanced broadband performance. The GA has been employed in this paper to synthesize an antenna system with broadband characteristics in two distinct frequency bands, covering the frequency ranges of 30-88 MHz (VHF) and 225-450 MHz (UHF). The system contains two stacked vertical wire antennas mounted on a ground plane, with loads positioned along the wires, and two individual matching networks. The loading circuits, their locations and the components of the matching network for both the antennas are regarded as the parameters to be optimized via the GA.